The modern Olympics started in 1896, founded by Pierre de Coubertin, a French aristocrat. He had conflicting motives. On one hand, his idea for a global sports competition stemmed from anxieties about French masculinity following a war defeat. He saw sports as a way to masculinize French men.

Behind the history of discrimination against trans athletes.

Sex Testing at the Olympics: The History of Discrimination Against Trans Athletes and Women

Trans athletes are excluded from the Olympics. The roots of sex testing and eligibility requirements can be traced back to the 1930s.

^{Ben Tumin (Teen Vogue)}